The Psychology of killing!!

Rather this post is about the trauma of killing. Killing someone or watching someone die in front of you is complete life changing. We talking about killing is like Virgins talking about sex! The most traumatic emotions are when to see someone pass away even if its an animal.
We easily save ourselves and our kids from this trauma and never want to experience it but I've seen even even most brave individuals completely reformed visiting the killing floor. The primary question here and we all need this to ask ourselves that do we need to distance ourselves from ask the killings that happens for us? Well i'm going to say "No" since i can't distance myself from a reality caused by me.
In an experiment certain strong individuals were placed in prehistoric environment with basic tools and asked to survive on their own. They fared well and killed certain small animals with no remorse. But that wasn't enough for survival so they tried their chance on a bigger animal. The participants can never forget their arrows piercing that Swamp deer. The complete trauma of separating the animal from the herd, hitting with a dart, then finally putting him down upon collapsing by spear was unbearable for all of them and most of them cried.

In such cases i find myself correct when i assert that we are not ought to kill here as we are not natural killers. Man has always hidden this fact for himself by developing easy killing methods and faster methods. But he has never justified that killing. The destruction of all the emotions of a being for your interests can never be justified.
The only thing that i can never decipher is that how can we ever manage to ignore the basic and important facts and processes of your life. ask your small child where this nuggets came from and he'll answer 'supermarket'.
I think Time has come when we at least answer ourselves!!1

Biofuels.

Biofuels are produced from living organisms or from metabolic by-products(organic or food waste products). In order to be considered a biofuel the fuel must contain over 80 percent renewable materials. It is originally derived from the photosynthesis process and can therefore often be referred to as a solar energy source. Biofuels include fuels derived from biomass conversion, as well as solid biomass, liquid fuels and various biogases. 'First-generation' or conventional biofuels are biofuels made from sugar, starch, and vegetable oil. Second generation biofuels are biofuels produced from sustainable feedstock.
Biodiesel was probably the first of the alternative fuels to really become known to the public. The great advantage of biodiesel is that it can be used in existing vehicles with little or no adaptation necessary. Cars running on BioEthanol, which is produced from agricultural crops, sugar cane or bio-mass, are governed by the same law of physics as those using gasoline. That means both emit CO2, as an inevitable consequence of the combustion process. But there is a crucial difference: burning ethanol, in effect, recycles the CO2 because it has already been removed from the atmosphere by photosynthesis during the natural growth process.
Along with the traditional methods we have new advancements in the renewable energy production. One of such examples include Engineers Tapping Algae Cells for Electricity :With the help of photosynthesis plants convert light energy to chemical energy. This chemical energy is stored in the bonds of sugars they use for food. Photosynthesis happens inside a chloroplast. Chloroplasts are considered as the cellular powerhouses that make sugars and impart leaves and algae a green hue. During photosynthesis water is split into oxygen, protons and electrons. When sunrays fall on the leaves and reach the chloroplast, electrons get excited and attain higher energy level. These excited electrons are caught by proteins. The electrons are passed through a series of proteins. These proteins utilize more of the
electrons’ energy to synthesize sugars until the entire electron’s energy is exhausted. Now researchers intercepted the electrons just after they had been excited by light and were at their highest energy levels. They put the gold electrodesinside the chloroplasts of algae cells, and tapped the electrons to create a tiny electrical current. It may be the beginning of the production of “high efficiency” bioelectricity. This will be a clean and green source of energy but minus carbon dioxide. The cell remains alive throughout the whole process. When cells start the photosynthesis, the electrodes attract electrons and produce tiny electric current.

The tryptophan operon of E.coli.

Unlike lack operon tryptophan operon is an anabolic operon, which means that the structural genes are only transcribed when the amino acid tryptophan is absent from the source i.e. When the amino acid is available the structural genes are not synthesized. The enzymes are not required and hence the operon is shut off. The operon model was elucidated by Charles Yonofsky and his colleagues. The operon model consists of the following genes.
1) Structural genes - The structural genes are coded from A to the letter E and encoded for the enzymes required for tryptophan biosynthesis and the gene spans 6800basepairs.
TrpA - tryptophan synthase α
TrpB - tryptophan synthase β
TrpC - PRA Isomerase and InGP synthase
TrpD - Anthranilate synthase 2
TrpE - Anthranilate synthase 1.

2)The promoter and the operator region of 150 bp upstream to the structural gene TrpE.

3) Leader region of 162basepairs, situated between the operator and TrpE. And within the leader region the attenuator site is present. The leader region and its role is briefly explained below under regulation of operon by attenuation.

4) The Regulatory gene - TrpR upstream to the promoter. The promoter is 150bp in length

The Regulation of the Tryptophan operon.
1) Regulation by "Repression" - The Tryptophan operon is under the negative control just like the lac operon, but it is repressible whereas lac operon is inducible operon. By repressible i mean that the effector molecule can repress the operon. The operon is regulated by Repression by the transcription of the TrpR region i.e the Repressor gene which encodes for the "Aporepressor protein." However the Aporepressor protein is not an active Repressor itself, hence it binds with tryptophan to produce an active Repressor. This active Repressor binds to the operator thereby preventing the transcription of the structural genes by blocking the path for Rna polymerase. This phenomenon is known as "Repression" and it reduces Tryptophan biosynthesis by 70 fold hence reducing the cellular try levels.
In the absence of tryptophan the operon is turned on because no active repressor can be formed hence the operator is free for Rna polymerase to bind and carry on transcription of the structural genes.

Regulation of Tryptophan operon by "Attenuation" - To understand the attenuation mechanism we must first understand the details of the Leader region which consists of 4 regions - 1,2,3,4. And among these 1,2 2,3 and 3,4 are complementary. The region 1 consist the tryptophan coding sequence i.e. UGG UGG from 54-59 and region 4 consist of the stop coding sequence i.e. UGA from 69-71. The base pairing at 1 and 2 region causes pause signal, The base pairing at 3 and 4 region causes termination signal and the base pairing at 2 and 3 region causes the anti termination signal.
Mechanism - The model here is based on the fact that Transcription and Translation in prokaryotes is carried out as coupled process due to the lack of a membrane bound nucleus. Hence here the Ribosome position plays an important role in regulation which is ultimately decided by the Leader region. It can be explained as follows.
A) In the absence of Tryptophan - In the absence of Tryptophan the trpt.Rna.trp levels drops hence the Ribosome translating the mRna stalls at the Trp codons (54-49). Therefore the leader peptide is not completed. The Ribosome blocks the region 1, hence the region 2 and 3 base pairing occurs. Which is an anti termination signal therefore the Polymerase continues translating past the attenuator region and the structural genes. Therefore the Trp operon is turned on in the absence of Tryptophan.
B) In the presence of Tryptophan - In the presence of Tryptophan, sufficient trptRnatrp's are present, hence the Ribosome translate the mrna and finally stalls at the stop region on the Leader peptide. The stop codon is region 2 and (69-71) region. The covering of region 2 by Ribosome facilitates region 3 and 4 base pairing which encodes for the termination signal. Hence the Rna polymerase stalls there and the structural genes are not transcribed. The Trp operon is shut of In the presence of Tryptophan.

3) Regulation of Tryptophan operon by Feed back inhibition - If the amino acid Tryptophan accumulates at a faster rate than utilized then the feed back inhibition is triggered. The end product of the biosynthetic pathway recognize the 1st enzyme of the pathway and inacivates it by altering its confirmation hence the pathway is shut off. Once the conc falls the product is dissociated and the enabling pathway resumes.

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A question to answer!

You're at the supermarket, you go to the meat section (or the crying aisle, as I think of it) but there are no burgers, sausages, drumsticks etc....there's only a holding pen, and in this pen is a cow, a calf, a pig, a chicken, a lamb and a turkey.Picture them all there looking at you...confused and terrified, backing away. They don't know why they're there or what's going on. One by one you have to catch them and hold them down, they're trying to get away, they're screaming, but if you want meat you have to kill them. Could you do that? Cut their throats, watch them bleed out and slice them up?

On to the milk section (another crying aisle). No milk on the shelf, but there's a cow with a calf suckling. If you want milk, the calf has got to go. Could you pull the calf off of the mother, drag the calf away...never to see the mother again?...then milk the cow while she's crying and bellowing
and grieving for her calf?

On to the eggs...can you walk by the bedraggled, sick, miserable hens that are crammed into cages so small they can't even stretch their wings?... can you help yourself to their eggs without any concern for the misery they have to endure? And can you macerate small chicks just because they cannot lay eggs?

Imagine if what ends up at the supermarket also has to start at the supermarket...would you still go there?...would you take your children?...would you take part if you were face to face with your food?

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Light bulb jokes

Today i thought to create some sexist and funny light bulb jokes and here they're. I've tried to be neutral by posting both types of sexist jokes, so nothing against men or women in person. Your ideas are welcome to improve these.


Q: How many egotists does it take to change a light bulb ?
A: One, He holds onto the light bulb, and waits for the world to revolve around him.

Q: How many women does it take to change a light bulb ?
A: None. "It's a man's job."
A: Three: one to take out the old one, one to sweep up the broken glass and another to phone her boyfriend to put the new one in.

Q: How many sexists does it take to change a light bulb ?
A: None. Let the bitch cook in the dark.

Q: How many men does it take to change a light bulb?
A: None, they're too lazy and prefer to sit in the dark.

Q: How many men does it take to change a light bulb?
A: None, they prefer to move out of the house.

Q: How many men does it take to change a light bulb?
A: None, the tv provides enough light to change the channel.

Q: How many men does it take to change a light bulb?
A: None, they're smart enough to switch on the lamp.

Q: How many men and women does it take to change a light bulb?
A: One women to put it in his mans todo list and one man to change it five months later.

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Essence and existence part 2.

It has been a fundamental and traditional metaphysical view that essence precedes existence which means we have a higher order and predetermined purpose and we're here to fulfil that purpose. The concept of essence is also seen in Plato's work, in which he claims that truth is eternal, unchangeable and absolute and knowing that truth is the central goal of human philosophy. According to Plato we've an eternal existing nature and it's our duty to discover it through philosophical contemplation, and through reasoning. The human beings have a common eternal existing "essentialist" nature defined by reason.

Also Aristotle states that we humans are rational animals. The reason is the true self of every person and in the highest sense reason is a mans self. Aristotle has accounted in his (Metaphysic 1) "Essence corresponds to the ousia's definition; essence is a real and physical aspect of the ousia."
Most of the philosophers like Descartes, Leibniz, Kant and Hegel were of essential tradition.

After saying this consider an example of a seed - it has the whole tree existing in it, which means that it encloses the essence. The growth of the tree is already present and it's the essence only that's unfolding. That is the seed unfolds the essence and becomes existential. Hence it can be said that essence is the cause of existence. At the present age even scientific proof can be obtained by Kirlian photography which is developed in soviet Russia and photographs the aura and essence of the material object as shown in the image. Hence before the actual existence, the energy and essence can be confirmed to be present near the object.

In regard to Jean Paul Sarte claims, i believe that he has made statements on observation of a mature and adult human society, where he fails to account for innate conditions, infant tantrums, etc which claims for possessed special human nature. Also consider the example of a schizophrenic where the condition is in his/her nature and they can't help it. In regard to God his existence is not afflicted with laying norms of humans nature.
And in regard to existence of ashtray it took a conscious decision to make one on need. If the conscious decision came into being purely by coincidence why can't the whole existence turn up by coincidence? And if there is no conscious decision over our existence then we're not needed!

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Essence and existence.

What is existence - Existence is a fact of being present - "that it is"
What is essence - Essence is the description of existence - "what it is."

There has been a perennial debate over centuries over mans existence and whether it comes with a predetermined essence or not. Inorder to present both the existential and metaphysical points I'll cover it in 2 parts. Part 1 covering the existential and the latter metaphysical.
Part 1
The basic proposition of existentialism "Existence precedes essence" over traditional philosophical and metaphysical view that essence is fundamental/immutable/eternal than it's existence. To existentialists, the human being— through his consciousness creates his own values and determines a meaning for his life because, in the beginning, the human being does not possess any inherent identity or value. By posing the acts that constitute him, he makes his existence more significant
It is well claimed by Jean Paul Sarte in "Existentialism is humanism" that existence precedes essence, which gets a support from his closest Simone de beauvoir who states that "one is not born women, but becomes one."

Sarte and many existentialist's rules out and disbeliefs that any cosmic order determines human nature. However the concept can be questioned over the example of any object let's take an ashtray. It was created to specify certain purpose and it has a predetermined nature and properties for which it was created. Which can be simply stated as it's essence precedes it's existence. But Sarte claimed for such purpose that it's concept applies to humanity but not universally. The same cannot be stated for human beings since to accept an essence is to confine ourselves over a common meaning and a purpose. Over essence we become a mere object who are only to fulfil a higher ordained purpose which isn't conveyed to us.

Despite of this some atheists assume that we're possessed by special human nature which fulfils our role among fellow humans. Against which Sarte argues that no human nature is common to everyone, we define our nature which abides and commensales with the society. However this radical freedom, should be accompanied by radical responsibility.

The precedence of existence, which devoid the essence for our creation put a question mark over the presence of God and it's essence of creation of humanity, which is discussed in the next part.

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